Home work for the first and second year students

 ex 1 Read the opinions below. Decide which of them you support and explain why.

Physics never makes sense to me.
I’ve always thought that all those formulas have nothing to do with real life and we can easily do without them. There’s no point in wasting time on laws of gravitation, magnetism and electrical induction. Physics is not a science for everyone. It’s good for a boring know-it-all which I’m not. I value more down-to-earth things and I’m not ready to spend hours over schemes and calculations, which are beyond my understanding anyway.
Physics is the science that has altered the world.
It’s simply not true that physics is a science only for the select. I think everyone would be able to understand it if only they stopped considering it so scary. Physics is the most natural science which reveals itself every moment in our everyday life. We deal with it when we switch on the light in the evening, when we ride a bicycle and when we kick a ball on the football pitch. Why do some people consider it so sophisticated and impractical?

ex 2 Read the information about one of the most famous scientists in physics. Guess the name and fill it in the last line gap of the text.

He was born in 1642 and died in 1727, which is almost three hundred years ago, but his name is still familiar to everyone who has ever been to school.
He is well-known for the «apple story». Nobody knows for sure but it’s widely believed that the story describes how gravitational force was discovered and also identified as the force which acts on every object on the Earth.
This person is often called the «father» of Physics, but like most talented people, he established himself in other sciences as well. Along with being a great physicist, he was also a distinguished mathematician and chemist. He studied history and chronology, and made a profound impact on optics, astronomy and philosophy. Being a university Professor and a Member of Parliament, he led quite an active and intense life. In 1705 he was awarded with the title of the «Knight» and so added «Sir» to his name. However, nobody inherited his title as he never got married and never had a family.
He was buried in Westminster Abbey. People who see his tomb there can also see Alexander Pope’s words caved on the tomb which say: Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night: God said, «Let _______ be!» and all was light.

Isaac Newton

Additional information fot the student.

Isaac Newton

Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.

These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before. But it was Newton who asked himself a question: «Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn’t it go sidewards or upwards? » The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.

Answer the questions:
1. When and where was Newton born?
2. Where did he study?
3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?
4. When did Newton make these discoveries?
5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law of gravitation first come to him?
6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?

Family Members

     For the first year students
                

Immediate Family

When you have children, you are a parent.

If you are a male parent, you are a father.

If you are female parent, you are a mother.

If one of your children is a boy, he is your son.

If one of your children is a girl, she is your daughter.

When a couple gets married, the man is the husband, and the woman is his wife.

A brother and sister both have the same parents.

One collective word to describe brothers and sisters is siblings. However this word is normally only used in written English, not orally.

Relatives and Extended Family

grandparents: the parents of your parents
grandfather: the father of your father/mother
grandmother: the mother of your father/mother
grandchildren: the children of your children
grandson: the son of one of your children
granddaughter:the daughter of one of your children
great grandfather: the father of your grandfather/grandmother
great grandmother: the mother of your grandfather/grandmother

uncle: the brother (or brother-in-law) of your mother/father
aunt: the sister (or sister-in-law)of your mother/father
cousin: the child of your aunt/uncle
nephew: the male child of your brother/sister
niece: the female child of your brother/sister

The In-Laws

The in-laws are the members of the family of your spouse (the person you are married to) or via a marriage in your family:

father-in-law: the father of your spouse
mother-in-law: the mother of your spouse
son-in-law: the husband of your daughter
daughter-in-law: the wife of your son
brother-in-law: the husband of your sister
sister-in-law: the wife of your brother

Note: To refer to more than one brother-in-law or sister-in-law etc. we has an S to the brother/sister part.
e.g. My brothers-in-law are fun. My sisters-in-laws are crazy.

The Family Mix

Nowadays in many countries a person can get married more than once. These are the terms used to describe the "new" members of the family when someone gets remarried.

"Step-" means that you are related as a result of one parent marrying again

stepfather: the (new) husband of your mother but not your biological father
stepmother: the (new) wife of your father but not your biological mother
stepson: the son of your (new) husband / wife (he is not your biological son)
stepdaughter: the daughter of your (new) husband / wife (she is not your biological daughter)
stepsister: the daughter of your stepmother or stepfather
stepbrother: the son of your stepmother or stepfather

Sometimes one of your parents gets married again and they have more children. There

half-brother: the brother you have only one parent in common with .
half-sister: the sister you only have one parent in common with.

Even if your parent didn't get married (and had the child outside of marriage), they are still your half-brother or half-sister.

However, note that it is common to still call your half-brother or half-sister just your brother or sister (without adding the half- part).

Phrasal verbs, Prepositional verbs with special meaning. For the first year students

Here we have listed verbs with adverbs and prepositions. These verbs have a special meaning, therefore we have used them in sentences.    

Here we can find interesting information about filld of physics

 What are the Fields of Physics?

Physics is a diverse area of study and in order to make sense of it scientists have been forced to focus their attention on one or two smaller areas of the discipline. This allows them to become experts in that narrow field, without getting bogged down in the sheer volume of knowledge that exists regarding the natural world.

Below is a list - by no comprehensive - of different disciplines of physics. The list will be updated with new additions and definitions as appropriate.

• Acoustics - the study of sound & sound waves
• Astronomy - the study of space
• Astrophysics - the study of the physical properties of objects in space
• Atomic Physics - the study of atoms, specifically the electron properties of the atom
• Biophysics - the study of physics in living systems
• Chaos - the study of systems with strong sensitivity to initial conditions, so a slight change at the beginning quickly become major changes in the system
• Chemical Physics - the study of physics in chemical systems
• Computational Physics - the application of numerical methods to solve physical problems for which a quantitative theory already exists
• Cosmology - the study of the universe as a whole, including its origins and evolution
• Cryophysics / Cryogenics / Low Temperature Physics - the study of physical properties in low temperature situations, far below the freezing point of water
• Crystallography - the study of crystals and crystalline structures
• Electromagnetism - the study of electrical and magnetic fields, which are two aspects of the same phenomenon
• Electronics - the study of the flow of electrons, generally in a circuit
• Fluid Dynamics / Fluid Mechanics - the study of the physical properties of "fluids," specifically defined in this case to be liquids and gases
• Geophysics - the study of the physical properties of the Earth
• High Energy Physics - the study of physics in extremely high energy systems, generally within particle physics
• High Pressure Physics - the study of physics in extremely high pressure systems, generally related to fluid dynamics
• • Laser Physics - the study of the physical properties of lasers
  • Mathematical Physics - applying mathematically rigorous methods to solving problems within physics
  • Mechanics - the study of the motion of bodies in a frame of reference
  • Meteorology / Weather Physics - the physics of the weather
  • Molecular Physics - the study of physical properties of molecules
  • Nanotechnology - the science of building circuits and machines from single molecules and atoms
  • Nuclear Physics - the study of the physical properties of the atomic nucleus
  • Optics / Light Physics - the study of the physical properties of light
  • Particle Physics - the study of fundamental particles and the forces of their interaction
  • Plasma Physics - the study of matter in the plasma phase
  • Quantum Electrodynamics - the study of how electrons and photons interact at the quantum mechanical level
  • Quantum Mechanics / Quantum Physics - the study of science where the smallest discrete values, or quanta, of matter and energy become relevant
  • Quantum Optics - the application of quantum physics to light
  • Quantum Field Theory - the application of quantum physics to fields, including thefundamental forces of the universe
  • Quantum Gravity - the application of quantum physics to gravity and unification of gravity with the other fundamental particle interactions
  • Relativity - the study of systems displaying the properties of Einstein's theory of relativity, which generally involves moving at speeds very close to the speed of light
  • Statistical Mechanics - the study of large systems by statistically expanding the knowledge of smaller systems
  • String Theory / Superstring Theory - the study of the theory that all fundamental particles are vibrations of one-dimensional strings of energy, in a higher-dimensional universe
  • Thermodynamics - the physics of heat

  It should become obvious that there is some overlap. For example, the difference between astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology can be virtually meaningless at times ... to everyone, that is, except the astronomers, astrophysicists, and cosmologists, who can take the distinctions very seriously.

What Is Physics and How Physics Works

Physics is the scientific study of matter and energy and how they interact with each other.

This energy can take the form of motion, light, electricity, radiation, gravity . . . just about anything, honestly. Physics deals with matter on scales ranging from sub-atomic particles (i.e. the particles that make up the atom and the particles that make up thoseparticles) to stars and even entire galaxies.

As an experimental science, physics utilizes the hod to formulate and test hypotheses that are based on observation of the natural world. The goal of physics is to use the results of these experiments to formulate scientific laws , usually expressed in the language of mathematics, which can then be used to predict other phenomena.

The Role of Physics in Science

In a broader sense, physics can be seen as the most fundamental of the natural sciences. Chemistry, for example, can be viewed as a complex application of physics, as it focuses on the interaction of energy and matter in chemical systems. We also know that biology is, at its heart, an application of chemical properties in living things, which means that it is also, ultimately, ruled by the physical laws.

Major Concepts in Physics

Because physics covers so much area, it is divided into several specific fields of study , such as electronics, quantum physics, astronomy, and biophysics .

Hello!

I'm glad to see you here. This blog is created for students of the Physical Departments at Dagestan State University.