Home work for the first and second year students

 ex 1 Read the opinions below. Decide which of them you support and explain why.

Physics never makes sense to me.
I’ve always thought that all those formulas have nothing to do with real life and we can easily do without them. There’s no point in wasting time on laws of gravitation, magnetism and electrical induction. Physics is not a science for everyone. It’s good for a boring know-it-all which I’m not. I value more down-to-earth things and I’m not ready to spend hours over schemes and calculations, which are beyond my understanding anyway.
Physics is the science that has altered the world.
It’s simply not true that physics is a science only for the select. I think everyone would be able to understand it if only they stopped considering it so scary. Physics is the most natural science which reveals itself every moment in our everyday life. We deal with it when we switch on the light in the evening, when we ride a bicycle and when we kick a ball on the football pitch. Why do some people consider it so sophisticated and impractical?

ex 2 Read the information about one of the most famous scientists in physics. Guess the name and fill it in the last line gap of the text.

He was born in 1642 and died in 1727, which is almost three hundred years ago, but his name is still familiar to everyone who has ever been to school.
He is well-known for the «apple story». Nobody knows for sure but it’s widely believed that the story describes how gravitational force was discovered and also identified as the force which acts on every object on the Earth.
This person is often called the «father» of Physics, but like most talented people, he established himself in other sciences as well. Along with being a great physicist, he was also a distinguished mathematician and chemist. He studied history and chronology, and made a profound impact on optics, astronomy and philosophy. Being a university Professor and a Member of Parliament, he led quite an active and intense life. In 1705 he was awarded with the title of the «Knight» and so added «Sir» to his name. However, nobody inherited his title as he never got married and never had a family.
He was buried in Westminster Abbey. People who see his tomb there can also see Alexander Pope’s words caved on the tomb which say: Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night: God said, «Let _______ be!» and all was light.

Isaac Newton

Additional information fot the student.

Isaac Newton

Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.

These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before. But it was Newton who asked himself a question: «Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn’t it go sidewards or upwards? » The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.

Answer the questions:
1. When and where was Newton born?
2. Where did he study?
3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?
4. When did Newton make these discoveries?
5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law of gravitation first come to him?
6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?

Family Members

     For the first year students
                

Immediate Family

When you have children, you are a parent.

If you are a male parent, you are a father.

If you are female parent, you are a mother.

If one of your children is a boy, he is your son.

If one of your children is a girl, she is your daughter.

When a couple gets married, the man is the husband, and the woman is his wife.

A brother and sister both have the same parents.

One collective word to describe brothers and sisters is siblings. However this word is normally only used in written English, not orally.

Relatives and Extended Family

grandparents: the parents of your parents
grandfather: the father of your father/mother
grandmother: the mother of your father/mother
grandchildren: the children of your children
grandson: the son of one of your children
granddaughter:the daughter of one of your children
great grandfather: the father of your grandfather/grandmother
great grandmother: the mother of your grandfather/grandmother

uncle: the brother (or brother-in-law) of your mother/father
aunt: the sister (or sister-in-law)of your mother/father
cousin: the child of your aunt/uncle
nephew: the male child of your brother/sister
niece: the female child of your brother/sister

The In-Laws

The in-laws are the members of the family of your spouse (the person you are married to) or via a marriage in your family:

father-in-law: the father of your spouse
mother-in-law: the mother of your spouse
son-in-law: the husband of your daughter
daughter-in-law: the wife of your son
brother-in-law: the husband of your sister
sister-in-law: the wife of your brother

Note: To refer to more than one brother-in-law or sister-in-law etc. we has an S to the brother/sister part.
e.g. My brothers-in-law are fun. My sisters-in-laws are crazy.

The Family Mix

Nowadays in many countries a person can get married more than once. These are the terms used to describe the "new" members of the family when someone gets remarried.

"Step-" means that you are related as a result of one parent marrying again

stepfather: the (new) husband of your mother but not your biological father
stepmother: the (new) wife of your father but not your biological mother
stepson: the son of your (new) husband / wife (he is not your biological son)
stepdaughter: the daughter of your (new) husband / wife (she is not your biological daughter)
stepsister: the daughter of your stepmother or stepfather
stepbrother: the son of your stepmother or stepfather

Sometimes one of your parents gets married again and they have more children. There

half-brother: the brother you have only one parent in common with .
half-sister: the sister you only have one parent in common with.

Even if your parent didn't get married (and had the child outside of marriage), they are still your half-brother or half-sister.

However, note that it is common to still call your half-brother or half-sister just your brother or sister (without adding the half- part).

Phrasal verbs, Prepositional verbs with special meaning. For the first year students

Here we have listed verbs with adverbs and prepositions. These verbs have a special meaning, therefore we have used them in sentences.